Chemistry Enrichment Resources
Church Resources
Oximeter & Green Candy
Church Resources
Oximeter & Green Candy
Oximeter
An oximeter measure blood oxygen level and pulse. The visible/near IR spectra of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin are known and the Absorbances at two wavelengths are measured. The PowerPoint does a qualitative derivation of Beer's Law using visual observations, checks on the results, and calculates %oxygen making gross assumptions, reasonable assumptions, and no assumptions. The students will learn: (1) the use of spectroscopy for mixtures, (2) Beer's Law, (3) making qualitative observations and deductions therefrom, (4) Cramer's Rule, (5) LED usage, (6) web use for solving simultaneous equations (and possible problems), and (7) that things are not always as simple as they seem.
For a classroom activity, it is suggested that two oximeters be available so that each class member can determine oxygen level and pulse. Oximeters are available from stores like Walmart and Walgreens (online seems cheaper) for about $40 each.
The PowerPoint is available for use as is or to be modified as desired.
An oximeter measure blood oxygen level and pulse. The visible/near IR spectra of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin are known and the Absorbances at two wavelengths are measured. The PowerPoint does a qualitative derivation of Beer's Law using visual observations, checks on the results, and calculates %oxygen making gross assumptions, reasonable assumptions, and no assumptions. The students will learn: (1) the use of spectroscopy for mixtures, (2) Beer's Law, (3) making qualitative observations and deductions therefrom, (4) Cramer's Rule, (5) LED usage, (6) web use for solving simultaneous equations (and possible problems), and (7) that things are not always as simple as they seem.
For a classroom activity, it is suggested that two oximeters be available so that each class member can determine oxygen level and pulse. Oximeters are available from stores like Walmart and Walgreens (online seems cheaper) for about $40 each.
The PowerPoint is available for use as is or to be modified as desired.
Green Candy
The ingredients of candy like M&Ms include red, blue, and yellow dyes but no green dye. How do yellow and blue make green? Visible spectroscopy provides the answer. The PowerPoint introduces visible spectroscopy utilizing the spectra of the dyes and the colors of the rainbow and corresponding wavelengths. The chemical structures of the dyes are given with an explanation how these give rise to color. Student will learn: (1) the use of visible spectroscopy, (2) how the color of objects reaches our eyes, (3) how yellow and blue give green, (4) how to look at things overall rather than at the small details, (5) conjugated systems, and (6) the relation between structure and color. Note that in Europe, "natural" colors are used such as lemon extract for yellow color.
For a classroom activity, it is suggested that students try to prepare brown color since there are brown M&Ms. Have available rather concentrated solutions of food color dyes available in the grocery and have the students do what chemists call "formulations"; that is, trial and error. Spot plates and droppers might work. Success is not guaranteed. Also, a discussion on the dietetic safety of both synthesized and natural dyes would be appropriate.
The PowerPoint is available for use as is or to be modified as desired.
The ingredients of candy like M&Ms include red, blue, and yellow dyes but no green dye. How do yellow and blue make green? Visible spectroscopy provides the answer. The PowerPoint introduces visible spectroscopy utilizing the spectra of the dyes and the colors of the rainbow and corresponding wavelengths. The chemical structures of the dyes are given with an explanation how these give rise to color. Student will learn: (1) the use of visible spectroscopy, (2) how the color of objects reaches our eyes, (3) how yellow and blue give green, (4) how to look at things overall rather than at the small details, (5) conjugated systems, and (6) the relation between structure and color. Note that in Europe, "natural" colors are used such as lemon extract for yellow color.
For a classroom activity, it is suggested that students try to prepare brown color since there are brown M&Ms. Have available rather concentrated solutions of food color dyes available in the grocery and have the students do what chemists call "formulations"; that is, trial and error. Spot plates and droppers might work. Success is not guaranteed. Also, a discussion on the dietetic safety of both synthesized and natural dyes would be appropriate.
The PowerPoint is available for use as is or to be modified as desired.
